刘炳善《英国文学简史》第3旧版笔记和考研真题

p>B. Influence（不良影响）

①The three tribes had developed into a whole people called English. And the three dialects had grown into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.

②The Britons experienced a transition from tribal society to feudalism because of the English Conquest.

③The Anglo-Saxons were heathen people, believing in old mythology of Northern Europe. Later, The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century.

①这三支人和持续发展成一个为统一的国族称做英美人。三种口音日渐成为一种单一的第二语言，称做维京人-诺曼第二语言，即4世纪英文。

②圣约翰斯人经历了从原始人和社会向封建制过渡的时期。

③维京人-诺曼人是无神论国族，相信4世纪老的芬兰民间传说，但后来在7世纪被福音化了。

Ⅱ. Literary Features of Early English Literature（更早近代学的构造）

The settlement of Anglo-Saxons in England marked the beginning of English literature. The early English literature mainly consisted of the Anglo-Saxon poetry, which was sung by the minstrels to the chiefs and warriors in praising of the old heroes’ deeds in the feasting hall. The Old English regularly used alliterations and rhymes, at the same time, metaphors and understatements were also put into the poetry. Beowulf is the most widely spread early poem.

近代学可追溯维京人-诺曼人在英美居住于时期。4世纪近代学中所所沿用的文学作品多为抒情诗或者维京人-诺曼游吟诗作所会唱的曲，这些游吟诗作在宴会大厅那时候为那些首领和黄蜂歌会唱4世纪时的而出名。4世纪英文中所有规律地技术性了头韵和韵文，同时也用到了说是和匪夷所思手法。流传最广的更早英文抒情诗是《贝奥武甫》。

Ⅲ.Literary Terms（文学词语）

1．Anglo-Saxon poetry（维京人-诺曼抒情诗）

Poems or, songs by the Anglo-Saxon minstrels who sang of the heroic deeds of old time to the chiefs and warriors in the feasting hall. The typical work of Anglo-Saxon is Beowulf.

是由维京人-诺曼游吟诗作吟会唱的4世纪代而出名的抒情诗或者曲。这些抒情诗或者曲主要是在客房会唱给首领或者武士们。代表者诗作是《贝奥武甫》。

2．Alliteration（头韵）

It means the repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry. There are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration. There is an obvious use of alliteration in Beowulf.

就是抒情诗那时候开头辅音字母的重复使用。一行抒情诗那时候一般有4个音节，三个音节能够显示翻身韵的效果。在《贝奥武甫》那时候对头韵有相对来说的技术性。

Ⅳ. Major Writers and Works（英美更早主要作家及文学作品）

◆Beowulf《贝奥武甫》

English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement. Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon poetry and the national epic of the English people.

近代学可追溯维京人-诺曼人的居住于。《贝奥武甫》是一首维京人-诺曼抒情诗，同时也是一首英美老百姓的国家史诗。

1．The Story of Beowulf（《贝奥武甫》主要对白）

Beowulf tells a story of Beowulf fighting against monsters Grendel and his mother, winning the battle and protecting his people.

该书一部了贝奥武甫这位奋勇的武士与怪物伊斯戴和他母亲斗争取得胜利并维护了他的老百姓的故事。

2．Analysis of Its Content（《贝奥武甫》具体内容点出）

Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. Its main stories are folk legends of primitive Northern tribes.

Beowulf is a bre hero whose spirit and deeds reflect the life of tribal society on the continent. The historical significance of Beowulf lies in reflecting the features of the tribal society of ancient times.

《贝奥武甫》是一部民间传说，由维京人-诺曼人从他们英伦三岛送回英伊斯。它的主要故事对白叫做原始芬兰人和的民间传说。

贝奥武甫是一个英雄，他的精神和行为都揭示了当时的人和家庭。它的近代含义在于揭示了4世纪代人和社会的构造。

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